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Is a train a "local abierto al público" for the purposes of art. 242 of the Código Penal?Classifying a train as a "local abierto al público" allows the aggravated subtype of art. 242.2 CP to be applied, just as has been held for other freely accessible means of transport.
The argument rests on case law that has already assimilated similar transport infrastructure, such as the SAP Barcelona 8436/2024 on the metro.
From the doctrine applied to the metro in that ruling SAP B 8436/2024 it follows that a train has the nature of a "local abierto al público":
- Configuration of the space: a "lugar cerrado y cubierto, con un sistema de acceso para los usuarios". SAP B 8436/2024
- Effective opening: the premises are "abierto al uso que le es propio" while in service. STS 6658/1997
- Basis of the dangerousness: greater reproach for the "incremento del peligro" in a freely accessible place. SAP B 8436/2024
The train is a functional transport unit which, while in service, meets the requirements of art. 242.2 CP.
1. El culpable de robo con violencia o intimidación en las personas será castigado con la pena de prisión de dos a cinco años, sin perjuicio de la que pudiera corresponder a los actos de violencia física que realizase.
2. Cuando el robo se cometa en casa habitada, edificio o local abiertos al público o en cualquiera de sus dependencias, se impondrá la pena de prisión de tres años y seis meses a cinco años.
3. Las penas señaladas en los apartados anteriores se impondrán en su mitad superior cuando el delincuente hiciere uso de armas u otros medios igualmente peligrosos.
4. En atención a la menor entidad de la violencia o intimidación ejercida, y valorando las restantes circunstancias del hecho, podrá imponerse la pena inferior en grado.
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While in service, the train affords free access to persons, which justifies the greater criminal reproach. 242.2 CP SAP B 8436/2024
«…el lugar en el que se cometió el robo, el metro, reúne todos los requisitos legales y jurisprudenciales para la aplicación del subtipo agravado del artículo 242.2 del CP (cometerse el robo en un "edificio o local abierto al público").»
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